DayZ
is a multiplayer post-apocalyptic open-world survival game set in the fictional post-Soviet Republic of Chernarus. The only objective is to survive. DayZ was originally a mod designed by Dean Hall in 2012 for the 2009 tactical shooter Arma 2. After major success, Bohemia Interactive hired Dean and started alpha development for the DayZ Standalone in December 2013. Dean left Bohemia shortly after this in 2014. After 5 unproductive years in development, the DayZ Standalone fully released in December 2018. It remains extremely broken and janky since alpha release. I've compiled this page mainly for my own enjoyment and for my friends, but also because the DayZ Wiki is horribly outdated and basically abandoned.
I have met many different people, dying with them, from them, or never knowing their fate. Lots of people will accept you as a teammate purely to increase their chances of survival, keeping you alive and healthy to have their back. Interaction is a surprise at any time, and you have no true way of knowing anyone's intentions. You always have a chance of recognizing someone's voice, days to months after you last saw them. I've experienced amazing and genuinely harrowing stories with complete strangers, never to see them again, and I love it.
There are 3 official maps. The first 2 are originally from Arma II: Chernarus (irl: Ústí nad Labem) and Livonia (irl: Chřiby mtns). The third is the paid DLC Sakhal, which is directly modelled on the volcanic jungle map Tanoa (irl: Fiji) from Arma III. Sakhal looks exactly like Tanoa but set in the bitterly cold far east of Russia. A second paid DLC map is coming out in 2026 called Nasdara, and it is not based off of a pre-existing map or place in real life.
There are also a ton of mods and modded maps, but my favorite is Namalsk. Points of interest are few and far between and survivors are more desperate due to the scarcity of items to keep them alive. Reoccuring EVR storms and blinding blizzards force players into houses to survive the anomaly's blow out and the harsh climate alike. I've compiled a second DayZ webpage dedicated to my time on Namalsk and more complex info on combat strategies and explosive traps, as I've spent far more time on Namalsk than Cherno.
* Before You Play
* The most important thing I can say here about DayZ is that absolute knowledge is NOT needed to play for the first time, but it can be helpful. It took me at least 200 hours to feel confident in surviving on my own before I started watching people who've played for a long time. Learning the game painfully, and wondering about hoaxes and being wrong about game functions makes the game mystical starting out.
It's awesome. Don't derive yourself from being a helpless noob, players will simply take you under their wing if you let them know you're new. They may also shoot you on the spot. This is just the equivalent of a wiki of my own personal knowledge. Lots of my information comes from watching creators who have tens of thousands of hours in this game. If I'm wrong about anything, which I will be, email my sorry ass and let me know.
* This chapter I talk about game price, how to navigate the launcher and finding a server to play on, server restarts and how to fix data mismatch errors, HUD and User Interface, your inventory, how to use ingame voice chat (VOIP), and all of the ingame keybinds in this first section. Chapters after this will mention to read this initial explanation for context on the workings of the HUD, UI, and keybinds, so if you want context, read this! If you aren't planning to play and just want to know about the general gameplay and flow of necessities that a life on DayZ entails, feel free to skip this prologue. Please keep in mind I've never played on console so none of this is adapted to that.
* Is It Worth It? - The short answer is no. Buy it on sale. The long answer is three years ago it was on sale for 20 bucks, and I was thinking it was still a high price for a game that looks like shit. DayZ is made from 2009's Arma 2 though using a different engine - which at the moment runs for 12$, and on sale for 3$ - but recently, they upped the game's price to include the paid DLC map Livonia and the soundtrack. Cool. It has relentlessly common bugs that have been in the game unchanged for years, which will end your life prematurely or piss you off many times. Not to mention the cheaters, the dangerously unavoidable and lethal lag, the deadly physics, broken hitboxes, etcetera. These will have to be something you have to accept as part of the game as it's something Bohemia doesn't plan to fix any time soon. Don't worry though, at least we have another $20 map to buy soon on top of their $50 game.
But... is Sakhal worth it? No. I bought it on release because I was very excited because the news leading up to it were map-specific features and secrets within the new caves. All Sakhal turned out to have end-game wise was a bunker quest exactly like Livonia's, but more annoying. The scientist's briefcase basically needed to get to the bunker is always a pain in the ass to find, being essentially invisible to find from more than 10m away, even after finding it multiple times already. Always at least an hour running around the same giant 1km circle wide area ruining my shoes, cutting my feet and starving me, and after you run all the way south to the bunker, there is no lore to explore, no secrets, and increasingly repetitive spawn-town experiences from there on out as a freshie.
The only new map-specific features they added? A lethal map-specific disease. Universally, predator meat becomes disease inducing. Months after its initial release? Geysers kill you on impact if you're there when they erupt every few hours. Awesome. It's a hardcore winter map that is incredibly underwhelming and much easier to survive on compared to the free, incredibly popular and known winter map of DayZ... Namalsk. Without anything at all that made Namalsk an amazingly developed map. Cool. I'm so glad I bought Snowy Tanowy at the low price of $30. At least they added winter NBC gear... that can't even be used because there is no permanent or dynamic toxic zones at all in Sakhal. Please leave now. im upset.
* Player Names, Choosing a Model - In the DayZ Launcher, select "Parameters" and then "Profile name" to change your ingame name. Other players won't be able to see it unless there's a party system mod, or you talk in the ingame textchat. Admins will be able to see your name always - "Survivor" is the default name for someone who hasn't changed their in game name. If you want to play as a specific character model, you can only change it by going into the game. Press the big red PLAY button in the bottom left to open the game without loading into a server. Find the "Customize Character" button on the lower right-hand HUD (you might have to use the arrow buttons to flip through until it's there) and then press Save once you're finished. Lots of people use the "Random" spawn button to load in as a different model each life. But you deserve that choice! Use the "Custom" spawn button when you load into your server to use your chosen model.
* Choosing a Server - Now, in the Launcher, go to "Servers". Your two options are the Official tab and the Community tab. The official tab is official Bohemia servers for vanilla Cherno/Livonia/Sakhal. There is a problem with cheaters on Official servers, especially full servers. You can only unlock Steam achievements on the official servers, but besides this, there's not much of a point to choose them over community servers. Community servers are modded servers on any map of any kind, hosted and paid for by a community member. There's an infinite amount of mix and match with maps and mods on DayZ, so choosing a server for you can take a bit of looking.
Please keep in mind some servers will route you to other servers, trying to direct traffic into different servers than the original title entails. This is uncommon but can happen.
* Server Restarts - Every few hours, your server will restart. It's different depending on how the server owner sets the schedule, but the most common times are 12:00, 4:00 or 12:30, 4:30, etc. The server will periodically send out a few restart warnings before you'll be kicked from the server.
If you are in a vehicle, you will spawn back in outside of the vehicle. If you're driving a car/humvee, boat, or helicopter, prepare to stop or land it for the restart once you receive the first warning message in chat. You have a large chance of losing your vehicle or even your life if you're in the air when you are kicked for the restart.
Objects on the ground will not disappear. Any dead bodies will disappear along with the loot inside of them. This makes combat near a server restart very risky, though dragging clothing off a body onto the ground will save the loot from disappearing.
* DZSA - First off, the DayZ Launcher is extremely slow, but enough for a solo player to find a server. If you're looking for a server by name - or barely any servers are loading - the DZSA Launcher is an external application that does a way better and faster job of finding specific servers. You can join directly into the servers through this as well, it's not just a search engine. The only downside is the lack of the ability to copy and paste server names. The default launcher lets you do this, so I tend to use the default launcher to find a server for my group, and they use DZSA to find it faster.
* Notes on Ping & Mods - Look for servers that have between 20 to 150ish ping for a normal experience. It's definitely possible to play on EU servers from a NA standpoint, with a little lag, but if your ping or internet is particularly shitty, lag is a common way to go out due to DayZ's horrible unescapable packet loss. You won't be able to move items in your inventory, or block yourself from zombies if you're lagging horribly. Around 230+ ping is where this starts to threaten your life. The server will kick you automatically if you go above 300 ping. Your character gets killed when you log out of the server while uncon or tied up, so this can mean unavoidable and immediate death. Please keep this in mind while choosing a server.
Please also check out the modlist of a community server intensely before putting time into the server. The DayZ Expansion mod comes with AI. These AI kill on sight, and are freakishly good at knowing where you are. They will hide in corners and mag dump you. Please also watch out for modded creatures, especially on PVE or PvPvE servers, and extra-especially on Namalsk. Bloodsuckers, Snorks, Alligators, etc. These mods are actually loads of fun with a group, but for your first time playing, try to give yourself a chance to live. Mutants are extremely hard to kill to the point where it's better to trap them in a shed than actually deal with them. Custom gun pack mods will fill the loot table with a bunch of useless modded ammo and unusable mounts/etc. If you're overwhelmed by all the mods, just search for vanilla or vanilla plus servers and you'll find your perfect match of community servers without a shit load of mods.
Another thing to keep in mind while browsing a server to play on - servers can be password protected despite showing in the server list and will be unplayable without the code.
* Server Keywords: 1PP is first person only, 3PP is third and first person. PVP is Player v player. PVE is Player v Environment. PvPvE is a mix of both.
Mods I recommend for utility: SchanaModParty, SchanaModGlobalChat, UStamina, sGunplay, VanillaPlusPlusMap, Just Gasmasks, Earplugs.
Mods I do NOT recommend for your first time: DayZ Expansion, dbo creatures, Ajs Creatures, TerjeMedicine/TerjeRadiation/TerjeSkills, ZenSleep
Mods I recommend for fun anytime: Windstride clothing, Dogs, Horses, AirRaids, Cannabis.
* Data Mismatch Errors - Sometimes, getting into servers will feel impossible. If you encounter a data mismatch, look in the error code for the specific mod's name(s) and go to the Steam workshop and remove and redownload them. If you get the latency kick for taking too long to load in, just keep trying to load in. If you're out of options go to DayZ's game page in your Steam library and look for the cogwheel in the far right corner of the main option bar. The main option bar is the one with the logo, time played, achievements and etc. Click on it and press "Properties..." and click Installed Files on the nav bar. Click "Verify integrity of game files" and wait about 5 mins for the game to verify itself. I usually do this in combination of redownloading Steam workshop mods if I can't get a data mismatch error to fix itself. You might have to do all of these things multiple times for it to work. When in doubt, just look on Reddit, people love complaining there and others love to be smart and answer them.
Keep in mind, when major updates come out each and every server owner has to update the server themself, along with mods. Immediately after major updates you're going to have to find servers to play on that are updated. You won't even have the option to connect to outdated servers, so any servers that have players on them are updated.
* HUD + Inventory Basics - Load in, and take a look around your screen - your character's stats are in the bottom right. They're all very straightforward so you can figure it out. You'll find that temporary indicators will appear to the left of these cores, like the sickness symbol to let you know you've contracted something, the full stomach icon which lets you know if you eat/drink anymore you'll vomit. Other icons include leg pain from falling from heights (multiple stages - if you keep on damaging your legs while seeing this icon you will break your leg) and the fracture icon, which can be accumulated like I said, but it's much more common to break your leg from direct damage like a beartrap, gunshot, landmine, etc.
Your stamina, noise indicator and stance are on the very bottom left of your screen. As you pick up items it will accumulate to losing your maximum stamina, greying out your bar slowly. Be aware you cannot jump certain heights when you have extremely low stamina, including jumping in general if you have barely anything left. Your noise indicator will change as you get heavier as well, making zombies hear you from closer, but it's not a big change, sprint-crouching (and crouch-walking at around ~10 meters) will always be a pretty good option for stealth killing and avoiding zombies.
First, press tab to open the vicinity and your inventory. Your inventory is something you'll have to get used to with time because it can be finicky - sometimes items you pick up will automatically go into containers in your inventory. You can also click the arrows to open and close the dropdown to show everything in a clothing item's inventory space. Keep this in mind if an item you're looking for goes missing! Most of the time, it's within an item you're not checking, or you've closed out of the view of the clothing item you're looking in. The vicinity is everything you can physically see, so the best way to use it is by tapping tab to quickly check an area you're looking at, tapping it to close it and looking somewhere else and tap it and so on.
With your inventory open, drag items found in the vicinity to your hand slot in the center to equip it, and drag or double click items to put it in your inventory. Specific items can be combined with others to craft items. There is no ingame way of seeing all of the crafting combinations, so it's something you'll have to look up and memorize over time. Hold F on an item you're looking at to automatically put it into your hands. Drag large melees (fireaxes, baseball bats, pipes, sledgehammers, etc.) or guns to either of your shoulder slots to keep it on your back. Drag clothing items to one of the matching slots (at first, you'll have to learn the hard way by brute forcing items to your slots to see what goes where - some clothing like shemaghs and bandanas can be worn in different ways - on your head, face, etc) at the top of your inventory. Double click items in your inventory to equip them, and CTRL + left click to quick-drop items into the vicinity.
* Hotkeys - In your inventory, you can either drag an item to your hotkeys at the bottom, or hold down a number key on your keyboard to assign that item a hotkey. By pressing the ` key you can toggle the visibility of your hotkeys. By holding the ` key, your stats, stamina, stance, and noise indicator will toggle. As you learn the game, you'll feel more familiar with toggling both of these to your liking. Personally, I permanently keep my hotkeys off, because I've kept the same mental system of what type of item is which number on my hotkeys. I highly recommend this, it can save your life! Here's my system as a suggestion/example: I always use 1 as my zombie melee. 2 is bandages/rags, 3 is my handgun, 4 is my rifle. From 5-9, it depends on every life and what I've gotten. As a rule of thumb, if you have a weapon like a melee or a gun, if it's not hotkeyed you will barely ever use it. My zombie melee is specifically an item I want to solely use to melee. It won't be my only blade, please use your blades wisely as cutting up rags, opening cans, and gathering bark are absolute life-savers.
* Important Keybinds
WASD to move
Space to jump, vault, and climb ontop of things
Hold middle mouse wheel to zoom in
Press middle mouse wheel while hovering an item in your inventory/vicinity to open a zoomed view of it
Hold Q to lean left
Hold E to lean right
Press shift to sprint
Press C to crouch/uncrouch
Hold C to go prone
Hold left CTRL to slow walk
Hold right click to raise your hands
Raise your hands and walk backwards to melee block
Raise your hands and press left click to light attack. Press shift during to heavy attack.
If you're playing on a server that has 3rd person, press V to switch in and out of it.
Hold left alt for freelook
Double-tap left alt to lock free look in place
Press ` to hide your hotkeys, and press it again to bring them back.
Hold down ` to hide your entire HUD, and hold it again to bring it back.
Note: There is a bug ingame with your HUD becoming permanently off. There is another one with the bleeding icon permanently staying. Relog to fix both of these.
Scroll through item crafting/interactions using the mouse wheel
If you have a map in your inventory, or the server has a map mod, press M to open it.
If you have a headlamp on your head with a working 9v battery, press L to turn it on.
If you have NVGs, hold L to flip them over your eyes. If they don't have a battery, it won't do anything. But you'll look sick as fuck tbh.
Tap G to change your stance into throwing the item in your hand. The longer you charge your throw by holding left click, the farther the item will go. Release left click to throw, or press anything else to cancel.
Hold G to drop the item in your hand onto the ground where you're standing.
When it comes to throwing grenades, keep in mind you can't prime a grenade in this game anymore (holding it in your hand unpinned to shorten the detonation time before throwing). Please note that the center of your screen/crosshair is NOT a good indicator for where your item will go to, it's off-center. Throwing items accurately is absolutely a skill you will understand with practice only. Get to throwing!
* Emotes
To emote, press one of the Function buttons. Press the same button to stop emoting. Some emotes are slightly longer than others, and you can't animation cancel. There are a TON of emotes in this game and I highly recommend assigning your own emotes to the function keys. Like my favorite - called Silent. Your character will hold a finger to their lips as if they're going shhhh...
Hold . to open the radial emote wheel and click on an emote to confirm
F1 is to put your hand up in a greeting
F2 is to SOS wave
F3 is to make a heart with your hands
F4 is to flip someone off
F5 is to surrender. you can't access your inventory with this one
F6 is to do a chef's kiss
F7 is to point in the direction you are looking in
F8 is to taunt with your elbow
F9 is thumbs up
F10 is to tauntingly slit your throat with your thumb
F11 is to commit suicide. You'll need a sharp tool of any kind or a loaded gun to do this. It's not a taunt like F10. To get out of this pose you can press any other button to cancel at any time. To confirm, press left click after your character has finished the animation of kneeling on the ground. A similar emote that's actually an action is the vomit option. This will empty your character's stomach, so I don't recommend binding this.. unless you're a comedic genius
* VOIP - Hold caps lock to talk in-game. Double tap it for constant pickup instead of push to talk.
Use the up and down arrow keys to go through the three speaking volumes.
One is whisper, two is normal, and three is shouting. Though it's labelled like this, you won't be quieter on whisper or louder on shout. It's only distances.
Roughly the distances are ~7m, 25m, 45m.
Players can hear you speak clearly in these ranges no matter if they're above or below you.
Gasmasks and biker helmets will muffle your speech incredibly. You won't be understood easily but the voice effect is very entertaining.
* For gun and vehicle HUD & keybinds check them out in their respective categories.
* You'll have to be loaded into a server to see/change keybinds and other game settings not found in the launcher.
* Notes on Items - DayZ is an extremely janky game in many different aspects. One of the most annoying and unsalvageable ones are items not dropping on the floor correctly, teleporting upwards, downwards, into nearby walls and the above roof, etc. If you put an item down and it disappears, before accepting that it's gone to the void, check interior and exterior walls, and don't forget to look up and under nearby objects. Most of the time, stuff can be salvaged by searching weird places and finding the right angle on the item for the option to hold F to put it into your hands. It happens to the best of us, so keep it in mind to hold your items close, and sometimes when this happens there's nothing you can do if you can't find it and you will have to leave it behind. This will happen most commonly when you directly drag an item from the vicinity into a clothing slot, making the item you're already wearing in that slot bug out when it is forced to exit your inventory. Instead of swapping things like that, drag the item you're wearing into your hand, and then hold left ctrl while clicking it to manually drop it to the floor. Drag the item you want to try on into your empty clothing slot. It's hard to remember but after losing multiple items you will start to develop the sense for doing this. Good luck, happy hunting.
I. Basics & Zombies
* In this chapter, I go over what to do when you spawn in, understanding zombie combat and how to stealth kill them, where exactly to look for loot like clothing, food, water, tools, and medical supplies, as well as what to pick up and what to toss.
* Spawn Checklist - Make sure to read the prologue if you're looking to play for the first time. Spawning in, you’ll always face north. On Chernarus, there are 2 sides of the coast you can spawn on, so you'll only be able to tell which coast you're on depending on town signs. On the southern coast, by putting the ocean to your right you’re heading east. By your left, west. On the eastern coast, putting the ocean to your right means you're heading north, and to your left means south. Pulling up the map on iZurvive will be the best way to learn. Search for town signs to find out where you are, they're located on the main road on either side of the town. Go into towns and into houses to find food, water (you can find soda - water found in containers has a chance to make you sick, so water pumps are the only reliable source of replenishable water), clothing, tools, and guns. Police stations have guns, ammo, mags, and armor such as press vests. Hospitals, medical tents and random civilian buildings have multivitamin pills.
* Basic Zombie Combat - While you're trying to search your first town, zombies will be everywhere in and around the town. Being in their general view will aggro them, and they can also hear you (unless crounched) in about a 20m range, making them scream and run towards you. The absolute first thing to know is blocking while facing a zombie's attack will 100% prevent any health damage. Player's light attacks can also be blocked, but heavy attacks from a player cannot be blocked. Both zombie and light player attacks will only be blocked if you're facing where the attack is directed! To block, you have to have your hands raised and walk backwards with S. To raise your hands, hold right click.
Zombies always attack in patterns of two, with a second of gracetime between them. These two attacks do the same damage and it gives you the upper hand if you block for both of them, then attack them by left clicking with your hands still raised (right click for hands raised + left click to attack). This is called a light attack, and it gives the zombie time to get in another hit because it doesn't make them stumble back. Holding shift during right + left clicking will turn this attack into a heavy attack, the heavy attack stumbles the zombie backwards and you can easily stunlock them by heavy attacking, walking forward to fill the gap they've stumbled back on, and heavy attacking again, moving forward again, and so on. Using this stunlock technique combined with blocking every time the zombie attacks you means you'll be a zombie killing master.
To stealth kill a zombie, you'll need a small to medium sized knife - I'm pretty sure machetes work as well. Don't approach the zombie from the front or let it see or hear you by walking normally or crouch-sprinting too near. Crouch down and go towards them from directly behind, crouch-sprinting when a good distance away (more than 8-10m) and crouch-walk when around less than 8 meters from them. When directly behind the zombie, hold right click then tap left click as if you're light attacking it. Do not press shift. Once again, you'll raise your hands and stand back up by holding right click, then you'll snap into the animation when you press left click. During blizzards and rainstorms, zombies become more oblivious to sound. You can eliminate a ton of zombies as long as none of them are facing you. Use cover and sneak around the best you can for the best results. You cannot stealth kill anything else but zombies.
An extra note - DayZ has limb hitboxes meaning if you have a sharp or blunt object, aiming upwards for the zombie's head or neck has a chance to crit them. Aiming high while attacking a zombie is the way to go, and this works against other players as well.
* Looting - Chernarus has a ton of coastal towns up and down the coastline. Going into houses and looking on surfaces and the floor, you should find some food and clothing. Starting out, visiting one or two of these towns will hopefully get you a gun and some food. Water pumps are extremely hard to find starting out, so finding a town sign and finding it on iZurvive is genuinely going to save your life. Thirst and hunger onsets as you sprint long distances. It's best not to "conserve" your food by eating half and saving half for later - if you're yellow or red hunger, slam any food you have. It gives you back way more energy and health regen this way.
* Important Items - Some common items are truly life saving, but without the knowledge, you'll pass up on them.
Always wear armor you find such as any helmet (of any kind), press vests, ballistic vests, stab vests, chainmail, and plate carriers when you see them, even though other vests offer more space. They will save your life if you take a round to the chest, and wearing a helmet reduces your shock by a little and allows you to (potentially) survive a round to the head from a low caliber pistol.
Always pick up any type of small or large sharp blades you can find, including screwdrivers and crowbars. You'll need it to make a fire, open canned food, craft more rags, and skinning carcasses and corpses. Read more on their extensive uses in the Weapons and Tools section. Keep at least one or two with you to last you for a while.
While on the blade topic, always pick up at least 2 stones or bones to craft an improvised knife. To make a stone knife, use a small stone on another small stone, and vice versa for a bone knife.
When it comes to medical items, some less obvious choices are alcohol tincture, iodine tincture, or disinfectant spray. These will help you prevent and treat yourself of the common wound/blood infection caused by dirty rags. Multivitamins and tetracycline pills are both life-savers. Chlorine tablets let you purify water in any container. Charcoal tablets are used to cure the progressively lethal cholera. IV start kits can be used on saline bags to be used to regenerate your blood regardless of your blood type. Sewing kits are more useful to repair items, but when in an emergency without any bandages, you can sew yourself up using one.
Blood-test kits don't take a noticeable amount of blood from you and instantly tell you your type on your blood icon in the HUD. Use it as soon as you find it.
One of the best things to find are cooking pots. Frying pans are also ok, but pots hold so much water it's crazy. You can boil dirty freshwater over a fire to purify it, or use a chlorine tablet to make it clean. You can store the same amount of items inside of it as it takes up in your inventory, though it'll get wet. As long as it isn't fire-making supplies like bark or paper, it doesn't matter what gets wet. You can also keep explosive items like mines and gas canisters completely safe inside of it, as it counts as a container. So its inventory space is extremely convenient, it holds a ton of water that you can purify easily, you can cook or boil lots of food simultaneously, reducing the cooking time by a crazy amount. Very good item, 10/10, would be a little heavier for again.
9V Batteries will be helpful to collect, as you'll need a collection to power the LED hud of gun optics, flashlights and headtorches, as well as radios.
Lockpicks help massively to secure an area. All locked doors can be shot or melee'd to unlock again.
Repair items are very very useful. Duct tape, rope, sewing kits, leather kits, epoxy, sharpening stones, and gun cleaning kits (if you have the space). Tire repair kits can be used to repair damaged gas masks, and electronic repair kits repair damaged gun optics.
Binoculars and rangefinders can help you peer far into the distance. Helps you range your sniper or scope out an area for players.
Fishing rods and fishing hooks are extremely useful, as improvised fishing gear yields smaller amounts of fish. Actual fishing gear yields large fish. It's awesome.
Fireworks are pretty. Wait until nighttime to set off, and keep in mind players can hear and see the fireworks from far away.
* Useless Items To Avoid - As with important items, you need to know what to drop.
Gas canisters. They will explode when ruined, meaning every time a zombie hits you it slowly decays the durability of the canister. Taking a shot to the chest will penetrate your shirt, ruining it, and making the gas canister explode instantly. Players can also shoot it while it's in your hand. Its only use is to use with a gas stove and cooking pot. When combined with a gas stove, it no longer poses an explosive risk in your inventory. Gas stoves are very helpful for cooking food and warming up on the go, but gas canisters are so situational, so remember to at least put it in a container like a pot or teddy bear.
Blowtorches can only be used on cars, and are not melee weapons unfortunately.
Gas lamps do nothing.
GPS Receivers and Field Transceivers are useless.
Flare guns and flare rounds are useless. The flare in the sky lasts for a whopping 60 seconds.
Base-building items are not worth picking up - Xmas lights, battery chargers, cable reels, generators, construction lights, sheet metal, codelocks, nails, barbed wire, and farming items like seed packets and garden lime. With garden lime you can combine it with leather to tan it. You can then use 2 tanned leather on each other to craft a backpack. Garden lime is very uncommon and having two pelts around is very situational.
II. Basic Medical Care
* In this chapter I discuss your health, food, water, and temperature stats with a full breakdown of the blood stat and bleeds system. I also go over your two invisible stats, shock (what causes unconsciousness) and your immune system (what makes you vulnerable to sickness). Then I mention the most common diseases - wound infection, how the common cold progresses to the flu and then pneumonia, cholera, salmonella, and chem poisoning. And finally, I'll end with what medical items to pick up and why, healing broken legs, and a warning on how you can explode yourself by carrying dangerous items like gas canisters in your inventory, or even in your hand.
* Understanding your Health - Any time your health icon has the down arrow (one, two, or three), your health is draining. This can be directly from a recent injury, or it can be from your food or water being red, your temperature being hyper/hypothermic, or a deadly sickness like pneumonia.
All icons on your HUD have only 5 different icons it will use depending on your true stats. Temperature has 6 unique ones. The names you'll hear for them are full white, chunked, yellow, red, and then flashing.
* Shock and Unconsciousness - Losing blood does not directly drain your health stat, rather draining an invisible stat called shock. While bloodloss doesn't drain your health stat, you can still bleed out and die once you hit flashing blood - you don't have to be flashing health to die from bloodloss either.
The most common way to pass out is by being hit by another player using a weapon or from their fists. Large blunt objects like sledgehammers, pipe wrenches, and fire axes have a shock damage modifier. Heavy attacks with or without a weapon are unblockable and deal a whopping amount of shock damage while stumbling you backwards. Zombies don't deal much shock damage unless you endure multiple attacks from multiple zombies all at once.
The only indicator of a falling shock stat is when your vision goes dark at the corners of your vision. If your shock climbs to the value of 100, you'll temporarily lose consciousness. Depending on the cause, it varies how much time until you wake up. During this, zombies, wolves, and bears will walk away from you, and another player can resuscitate you if they wish.
While unconscious, pressing the escape key pulls the menu up. You can exit to leave the server or respawn to end your life, but keep in mind both of these options kill your current character. The only way to wake up from unconsciousness is naturally after a number of seconds, or from a player resuscitating you. The longest uncon time is 50 seconds from stepping on a landmine.
Popping an epi-pen on anyone makes them immediately wake up, restoring their shock to full. This can be very helpful for an emergency situation where you don't have much time to resuscitate the player.
* Starving and Dehydration - When your food and water icons eventually hit red, you'll start a slow countdown of starving or dehydrating to death. Long after hitting red food or water you'll eventually hit flashing. Keep in mind you cannot die directly from red/flashing food or water without first hitting flashing health. Periodic sound effects start happening when you've hit red. Your stomach growls from hunger and being thirsty makes your character smack their lips dryly or gulp. Your character's sound cues can be heard by other players within earshot.
Your food stat is called your "energy", and all foods have a different caloric and water value. Food can restore some of your water stat, unless it's something dry like cereal or chips. Boiled food has a slightly lower caloric value in trade for its higher water value.
The only way to raise these stats is by consuming food or water. You can eat raw food without risk of salmonella by first taking a multivitamin pill. The only exception to food that is helpful is rotten or burnt food, which have a very high chance of making you immediately vomit, sending you back to starving or dehydrated.
Unpurified water (saltwater is inedible) can be consumed without risk of cholera as long as you take a multivitamin first.
Watch out for the full stomach icon, and only continue eating or drinking after it goes away. If you continue to eat or drink after seeing this icon your character will vomit up a large portion of your entire stomach contents, making your energy and water stats plummet. Your character will not immediately vomit after receiving this icon however - you can still eat and drink a little before it will actually make you puke.
* Hyperthermia and Hypothermia - White temperature is normal, comfortable temperature. Light blue is slightly under comfortable. Dark blue and flashing blue is freezing/hyperthermia. Your character experiences a health drain and occasionally shivers and grunts in pain when you are freezing/hyperthermic. Yellow temperature is hot and red temperature is hypothermic. Being too hot will occasionally make your character pant and wipe their forehead, while being hypothermic slowly drains your health. Your temperature is referred as your "heat comfort".
Directly stepping in or laying on a fire will not heat up your temperature stat, instead instantly draining your health until death if you continue to stay in the fire. Any of your clothes that touched the fire will likely be damaged as well. Btw with fire barrels you can lay ontop of the grate without any health loss you will feel so powerful.
Being wet from rain, snow, or water completely nullifies the "Insulation" factor for each clothing piece, as well as adding lots of weight to it. This doesn't mean much on hotter maps such as Cherno, but while on winter maps it will make you freeze to death much faster.
Running will make your character more warm than standing still, meaning your temperature will constantly fluxuate depending on what you're doing and how cold the world temp is. Light blue is not enough to make you catch a cold, but it is an early warning that your body temperature is cold enough to start fluxuating into dark blue. Even on light blue you will periodically shiver, so if you're trying to stalk someone close-by, popping a heatpack will give you more of a chance to not shiver. Gagging yourself will also muffle your shivers.
* Understanding Bleeds & the Blood Stat - You will always spawn with a full 5000ml of blood in your body, indicated by the full white blood symbol in the bottom right of your HUD. At flashing red blood, you will fall unconscious persistently until you've regenerated your blood back to red blood. If you're unable to stop bleeding on flashing blood, you will eventually die of bloodloss when your blood stat hits 1500ml.
The main disadvantage from major blood loss is the vision saturation loss, making players blend in with the surroundings quite easily. Blood does not regenerate on red food or red water, meaning the only way to naturally gain blood back is food and water. You can also speed up blood regeneration with a saline bag or instantly gain blood back from a compatable bloodtype iv-blood bag.
There is instant blood loss from each gunshot or stab wound you endure, but most blood will be lost from light, medium, or heavy bleeds. If you have nothing to bandage with, after 5 minutes it will clot by itself, bringing a small risk of wound infection. Not bandaging for 5 minutes becomes riskier to do when you have multiple bleeds, or no disinfectant to treat your potential oncoming wound infection. Always be aware that bandaging makes you an easy target to other players within earshot who want to get the drop on you. You only should prioritize immediate bandaging when you have multiple bleeds of any kind.
* The Three Types of Bleeds - There are hand & feet bleeds, which we’ll call a light bleed, drain 0.6ml blood per second, and --ml per min. Arm and leg bleeds are medium bleeds, draining --ml blood/sec, and head and torso bleeds are heavy bleeds, draining a whopping --ml blood/sec. Every bleed stacks bloodloss. This is why it's important to carry multiple bandages, and the good news is that rags and bandages are not the only items you can use to bandage with as I'll mention in a moment.
To understand what kind of bleed you have, look down at your body or open your inventory and look where the blood is physically coming out from. A cut from getting punched for example will usually be a single light bleed, meaning you have an extremely long time to find bandages or find cover to bandage before it ever threatens your life.
Understanding the severity of the 3 bleed types will help you figure out how much time you have before you’ll actually need to worry about bandaging a cut. In a normal situation where you're safe, when you should bandage a cut will come naturally of course, but in gunfights or altercations, bleeding during these times will give other players a chance to bumrush you if they hear you start to bandage.
* The Four Types of Bandages - Rags and bandages are going to be the most reliable items for bandaging throughout your character's life. Whenever you've used all the rags you spawned with and don't have a sharp blade to cut up clothing into more rags, bandanas and sewing kits are commonly found and can also be used to close your cut. The time it takes to bandage with a rag, sewing kit, or bandana is 10 seconds per bleed, while bandages take 2 to 3 seconds per bleed, and have a maximum of 4 uses per bandage. Every time a rag takes damage in your inventory (from getting hit or shot) it will become disinfected, but don't worry yourself because any kind of disinfectant item lasts for a really long time, and items rarely lose quality in your pockets unless you've taken a major blow.
* Wound Infection - Quickly identified by a sickness icon on your HUD showing up immediately after bandaging or letting a wound close, with periodic grunting in pain (commonly called the "oomphs”), and fever (screen blur, wiping sweat off your forehead, water drain). If left untreated, it will progress into the deadly stage 2. To prevent wound infections, make sure to disinfect your rags, bandages, bandanas, and sewing kits before using them to treat wounds. Whenever disinfected items get damaged, they will no longer be disinfected. Check for the Disinfected tag on them in your inventory, and use iodine tincture, alcohol tincture, or disinfectant spray on them if not.
To treat wound infection, as long as the survivor is still in stage one of the infection, it can be cured by disinfecting the wound using disinfectant spray, iodine or alcoholic tincture. In this stage, tetracycline has no effect on the disease.
* Stage 1 - Your character will periodically make a sound of pain, fever (screen blur, wiping sweat off forehead, water drain), and your stamina regen is 50% slower. Stage one lasts for 20 minutes. Curable by using iodine/alcohol tincture or disinfectant spray once on your wound by putting it into your hand and right clicking.
* Stage 2 - Noticeably louder sounds of pain and more consistent fever symptoms. In addition to stage one, stamina regeneration being another 50% slower, your hands will shake, you will lose additional 12 mL of water per minute, all while your health will drop 2.5 units every minute. This means that if you have full health, you will die within 40 minutes of reaching stage two, unless the infection gets cured. Curing stage 2 will take 2-4 tetracyclines, depending on how early the treatment is started. During this stage, disinfecting wounds is still possible, but doing so will only temporarily prevent the infection from progressing further.
* Immunity System - Your immunity is an invisible stat used to judge if your survivor can contract these specific sicknesses: the common cold, cholera, and salmonella. Your immune system is judged by your combined stats. Keeping your health, blood, food, water, and temperature white will 100% prevent you from contracting these 3 sicknesses. Multivitamins temporarily boost your immune system to max, meaning you can stay cold, eat raw meat/bear and wolf steak, and drink dirty water without getting sick for as long as the pill icon is on your HUD. This does not effect contraction of wound infection, chemical poisoning, gas poisoning, kuru, or heavy metal poisoning. You don't need full white for your immune system to fight against these sicknesses, it's a dynamic meter judged off all of your stats. WOBO has an awesome tool that shows you exactly what your immunity is at with any combined stats.
* Common Cold -> The Flu -> Pneumonia
* Stage 1 - The common cold is an extremely contagious sickness that survivors randomly contract after being cold for too long. This mechanic runs on a timer that is postponed by becoming warmer (neutral white or above), resetting the timer fully within approx. 10 minutes of maintaining a non-blue temperature. While the timer is random, infections generally occur after 4–15 minutes of continuous cold exposure, depending on how low the heat comfort is. A temperature buff (the +) gives you 5 minutes of grace period against gaining the cold, and when a survivor cures themselves of a cold, there is a 15 minute grace period. On Sakhal specifically, survivors spawn with a 15 minute grace period to the common cold. It's worth to note that the medical thermometer is a useless item and not worth taking with you.
To prevent a cold, keep yourself warm with fires if your temperature is light blue or below and keep your clothes wrung out and dry. Around other survivors with the sickness, do not consume any food or water they've eaten or drank from first as it has a 100% contraction rate. Do not inject yourself with their blood if they were sick during the draw. Try to stay at least 3 meters away from them, as their sneezing can infect you. Face masks like balaclavas, ski masks, dust masks, surgical masks, mime masks, biker helmets, welding masks, OKZK caps, coifs, knight helmets, and gasmasks can be worn as a form of potential protection. Only gasmasks worn by either survivor will 100% prevent the transmission. Boiling infected water in a pot will purify it, along with using chlorine or chelating tablets. Fully emptying water bottles/glass bottles/canteens/pots will remove the sickness from the container. There is nothing you can do to purify food from the sickness, and it has a 100% infection rate.
To identify a cold, you'll see a sick icon on your HUD and your survivor will start sneezing periodically. Sneezing is the only symptom of the first stage, and it's extremely contagious. The only downside to sneezing is that other survivors will be alerted if you sneeze nearby. Any food or water you consume will become contaminated, meaning if you eat or drink something you consumed while sick, you will have a 100% chance rate of contracting the cold again after you've recovered.
To treat a common cold, you will either need to take multivitamins or raise your immunity by being warm & dry and consuming food and water. Keep in mind taking multiple multivitamin pills at once (or taking tetracycline pills in the first stage) will not help you get over the cold faster. Take pills consecutively only when the pill symbol disappears on your HUD for max efficiency (it disappears after 5 mins). You will need to be cold and have a weak enough immune system for the infection to progress. Otherwise, the cold will naturally fade within 30 minutes.
TLDR: To prevent your teammate from getting sick, wear a facemask (especially a gas mask), stay 3m (10 ft) away from them, and let them eat/drink food or water before you share it with each other. Do not give them your blood. If you were sick while your blood was drawn, your sickness will spread to anyone who injects themselves with your blood, including yourself when cured.
* Stage 2 - Influenza is only gained by letting a cold progress (low immunity/cold temp) within 15-25 minutes. The rate the disease progresses depends on the heat comfort level of the survivor. Influenza needs to be treated with consecutive tetracycline pills. Multivitamins will boost your immune system, so taking them at the same time with tetra will boost your chances of recovering from influenza. Staying warm, fed, and/or medicated will help you recover. Symptoms include increased sneezing, as well as coughing, fever (screen blur), and water drain (from fever). When successfully treated, it will lower back to stage 1, requiring another 15 min to fully recover. You receive a 10 min resistance to it progressing back to stage 2 after it drops back to the first stage.
* Stage 3 - Pneumonia is caused by letting influenza progress in the following 10-20 minutes by not attempting to raise your immunity/warmth or take any medication. This will happen in ~ 30-50 minutes after initially contracting the common cold. In addition to sneezing, coughing and fever from the previous stages, survivors will also experience higher stamina drain, slower stamina regeneration, gasping for air, and constant health loss. The dropping health will result in death in about 20 minutes. Unlike in the preceding two stages, multivitamins, staying warm, and a strong immune system will no longer cure the disease. Taking tetracycline pills will lower the disease stage back to stage 2. After this, the survivor can continue to treat the remaining stages with tetracycline, multivitamins, immunity or heat comfort. When the disease stage drops to the Influenza stage, you gain a temporary resistance to it progressing back to stage 3 for 10 minutes.
III. Food & Water
While searching through houses, you’ll find canned food (which requires a tool to open - knives and blunt objects work, though using a sledgehammer will make you lose a lot of the food content) and pajka/brisket spread (hold in hand and press left click to peel the lid back). Greenhouses spawn fresh food like zucchini and tomatoes. Trees will spawn apples, and you can easily identify an orchard and harvest the apples. Mushrooms spawn in the forest randomly and next to fallen logs.
Water is found in containers (bottles, pots) and almost every town will have a designated water pump. Cows, sheep, pigs, and chickens spawn in towns. Listen out for their noises to find them. Chickens will die in one melee hit, while bigger animals require a gun or just some extra effort to punch to death.
You will find deer, boar, hare, foxes, wolves, and bears by venturing into the forest. Wolf and bear meat give you salmonella, so make sure to take a multivitamin before consumption to avoid puking your food back up. If you don’t have a good shot, try slowly rotating around the animals at a safe distance. If they catch a glance (even from long distances) or hear you get too close, they will be spooked and run away. You can continue to hunt them cross long distances as long as you have a good sense for which direction they're headed or get lucky and hear them make their respective noises again. Bodyshots to animals in this game give you less meat and you’re more likely to make them run without killing them. If you have to shoot them at a bad angle, at least be ready to shoot them more than once. If you have a pistol or Sporter you’ll probably find yourself shooting the animal a lot more than other guns.
Fishing is always an option as long as you have a long stick and a rope to make a rod, a blade to make hooks from short sticks/bones, and a blade or tool to dig up worms. Shovels and hoes give extra worms for each interaction circle, making them extremely helpful for fishing.
Fishing traps can also passively catch fish while you’re in the area. Netting + metal wire to craft them, place them in some water, and you’re good to go. Keep in mind rotten or burnt food are not worth eating as they induce chemical poisoning and will make you throw up. Raw mushrooms can be eaten but they have more calories if cooked. If playing on a winter map you will need to defrost food using a fire. In 1.28 they messed up defrosting times, firewood in your fire will defrost the food, while an entire stick fire will not defrost it. Having frozen food in your inventory slowly warms it up.
If starving, killing other players for their food might be one of your only options. If you kill someone and they have nothing, you might have to eat them if you’re very close to death. The disease that comes with is permanent with no cure, negative symptoms that make other players distrustful. But it won’t kill you.
* You cannot eat or drink while wearing a gasmask.
IV. Fires
how to make a fire fast. how fire lighting works. mention damp fuel and tinder.
V. Weapons and Tools
* There are 5 modifiers applied to all melee weapons. Sharp or blunt, and long, medium, or short. All weapons are more powerful through heavy attacks since other survivors cannot block through it. Heavy attacks cost more stamina and have longer animations. Many items have unique individual qualities, such as the can opener being able to open cans but can't be used as a blade otherwise.
* Depending on the short/medium/long length of a weapon, the damage and shock dealt raises. The range in which you can reach a survivor raises from this too, but short and medium weapons share the same range. Heavy attacks with long length weapons cause you to lunge forward before hitting your target, and running heavy attacks will allow you to quickly close a few meters gap. Both of these attacks stuns and knocks your target back on impact, allowing you to continuously stunlock them backward until unconsciousness or even death.
* Light attacks are extremely viable with small knives and aiming for the head/throat. Less effective on players than zombies, as they can use a heavy attack on you and stunlock you out of attacking. The animation is so short that you'll find better damage and shock out of consecutively chaining light attacks. Using this in a safe eye-level spot with zombies such as the windows in the green guardshack, you can quickly kill an extreme amount of them.
* Sharp - Blades are the #1 most important tool to find when starting a life due to their important crafting abilities. These weapons deal an increased bleed factor, basically one bleed for each cut, while not doing much shock damage.
They are a huge factor in staying alive, used for opening cans and preparing some types of fresh food, shaving bark off trees for fires, cutting thin clothes into rags for bandages, and stealth killing zombies (knives & machetes only). There are 29 sharp weapons. Sometimes they can be hard to find though, so there's two types of improvised knives. Always check for stones on dirt pathways and bones in garden sheds, next to dog houses, or from pre-cut up dead animals or survivors. Deceased survivors might have a blade, stones, or bones in their pockets as well. By using 2 small stones or 2 bones on each other you can craft an improvised stone or bone knife. They have low durability but get the job done. If you find a boulder, you can use 1 bone or 1 stone on it to make your knife.
& 
Other uses are digging up worms from grass, cutting a short stick or a bone into improvised fishing hooks, crafting an improvised crossbow bolt from a short stick, whack bushes for sticks (optional, can do this with your hands. small bleed risk if no gloves), cutting an animal or player's body into meat, fat, bones, and guts, turning long sticks into sharpened sticks for cooking meat over a fire, cutting rope or duct tape restraining another player's hands, turning a human skull into a skull mask, turning guts into rope, shaving your beard, and the ability to commit suicide, unlike blunt weapons.
Blades are repairable with a sharpening stone.
* Screwdrivers (15 dam, 18 shock, 3.3m) are the worst blade.
* Weaker Blades (25 damage, 12 shock, 3.3m): Bone Knife and Steak Knife
- Short (28 damage, 14 shock, 3.3m): Kitchen Knife, Cleaver, Hatchet, and Sickle
* Stone Knives (18 dam, 25 shock, 3.3m) are better than the average short bladed melee.
- Medium (32 damage, 16 shock, 3.3m): Ice Axe, Oriental Machete, Kukri, Fange, and the Crude Machete
* Shorter Strong Blades (38 damage, 18 shock, 3.3m): Hunting Knife and Combat Knife
- Long (38 damage, 18 shock, 3.7m): Pickaxe, Fireaxe, Splitting Axe, Pitchfork, and Sword
* Improvised Spears (30 damage, 40 shock, 3.7m) are crafted with a sharpened stick and a stone or bone knife. Best sharp item due to the extreme shock damage.
* Bayonets: All gun bayonets do 20 damage and 7 shock when used by gun-meleeing (F with gun in hand). There is no information on what stats they have for normal melee, but can be used as normal (most likely short) knives all the same.
* Saws: The two saws have slightly different uses and stats, but universally they can gather bark, skin carcasses/corpses, open cans, cut rope/tape restraints, gather rags from thin clothing, and used as a blade in crafting. Saws cannot be used to shave beards, commit suicide, or be put on your shoulder slots, but can be placed on a backpack slot. They are both used in base building for cutting lumber into planks.
* The Handsaw does 45 dam, 20 shock, 3.3m, and takes up 10 slots.
* The Hacksaw does 25 dam, 12 shock, 3.3m, and takes up 8 slots. It's uniquely used for sawing off guns. The only gun worth sawing off is the FAMAS, as it has no optic attachments and the iron sights are obtrusive.
* Blunts - These are the best zombie-killing weapons to carry with you due to their durability. Blunt weapons deal extreme shock damage while being heavier to carry, very durable, but irrepairable. There are 14 blunt weapons, but baseball bats have 2 craftable variants, and lit brooms work better than unlit ones. They work extremely well against survivors, but an armed player aiming their gun at you can cancel your attack by shooting you, unless they miss.
* Blunt weapons can also open food, but it spills an extreme amount of it in comparison to blades. They can also be used as hammers to use in base-building or to knock large stones off of boulders, depending on the item. Brooms oviously can't, but meat tenderizers can.
Stats are heavy attacks, 0 health = death, 100 shock = unconsciousness.
* Broom (10 damage, 15 shock, 2.2m) can be broken in half to obtain 2 long sticks. Essentially a portable cooking stand (1 long stick + 1 long stick) on your shoulder slot.
* Meat Tenderizer (15 damage, 25 shock, 3.3m) cannot be used on meat.
- Short (15 damage, 25 shock, 4.1m): Tire Iron, Pipe, Wrench, *Crowbar (can be used as a blade as well)
* Lit Broom (15 damage, 35 shock, 2.2m) crafted by igniting a broom on a fire or simply using matches or a lighter.
* Farming Hoe (28 damage, 14 shock, 4.1m) used in farming, but truly the best for the increased worm yield for fishing. Repairable with sharpening stone. Can bury corpses, containers, and fire ashes.
* Barbed Baseball Bat (22 health, 35 shock, 3.7m) unfortunately worse than a normal bat. Description references Lucille from TWD.
* Brass Knuckles (25 damage, 40 shock, 2.8m) cannot be used to open food, but extremely concealable.
- Medium (25 damage, 40 shock, 3.7m): * Shovel (shares unique abilities with the Farming Hoe), Baseball Bat
* Nailed Baseball Bat (25 damage, 45 shock, 3.7m) best bat variant, +10% bleed chance than the barbed bat.
* Hammer (30 damage, 35 shock, 3.3m) used in base building.
* Pipe Wrench (25 damage, 60 shock, 4.1m) not usable for anything but meleeing. On Namalsk, it has a unique purpose at the Oil Rig.
* Maces (30 damage, 75 shock, 3.7m) are tied with the sledgie for the top of this list. The only reason it loses is it's rarity, only being found at castles.
* Sledgehammers (30 damage, 75 shock, 3.7m) are commonly known as the number one best melee weapons. It used to be a one heavy-hit KO, but is now around a 2-hit KO. Heaviest but most durable and reliable melee in the game, while being relatively common to find.
VI. Firearms & Ammo
* I'll go over the ammo types and then every type of gun and where to find them. All gun's damage stats are from the specific ammo it's using, so it's good to know what is considered high and low caliber. Every gun has its own unique gunshots, use this tool to compare them from 0m to 500m. The most similar gunshot sounds are from longrifles (minus the Sporter, BK-18, Pioneer and SKS) from more than 100m away: Repeater Carbine, SSG, CZ-527, Savanna, Tundra, Blaze, VS-98, Mosin, SVD, and DMR.
* .22 LR - lowest caliber bullets.
VII. Advanced Medical Care
everything you can do with medical items, broken legs and splints, unconsciousness and shock, epi/morphine and codeine. kuru and how it isn’t a deadly disease. blood transfusions, blood bags, saline bags, and iv start kits. more descriptive terms for each sickness. broken neck stat, combined foot stress will equal a broken leg, so don’t fall straight down, even laying down and rolling could help you. don’t jump while descending on an angle, be careful around ladders + beartraps on the top of ladders.
VIII. Points of Interest
towns and cities are your go-to for looting food, water, clothing, and guns starting out. more importantly, military bases are high-risk high-reward. for a freshie, you’ll need about 20 or 30 bullets for a pistol to clear a military base. if you can’t find this, when you get there climb on top of something and while heavy attacking the zombies, you’ll lunge forward. try not to fall. provide common military areas for cherno and livonia.
IX. Vehicles & Bases
how to be friendly, how to survive being robbed or chased. how to tell the difference between dead and unconscious people. how to survive getting shot and how its important to wait to bandage in a gun fight. explosives and how to live. bullet snaps and what direction people die in.
X. Player Interaction and Death
* See or hear another player? As a freshie in a spawn town, other freshies are probably friendly. Lots will be friendly and greet you, some will have a murderous rage against you, you never really know what you're gonna get. The more geared a player is, the more hostile and paranoid they can be. I don't exactly recommend approaching suspicious survivors who have armor and a gun actively in their hands for this reason, though they might not be wandering around with the intent to kill everyone they see. Only one way to find out!
In this chapter, I focus on important freshie/low-tier combat and teaming up with others. Knowing you have a chance to defend yourself even while fresh or unarmed is an important thing to know, as well as things to keep in mind while surviving with someone else. There's a huge combat learning curve in this game, so I've put all my ideas on close-quarters combat, medium range, and sniping into a chapter on my page in dedication to Namalsk.
* Before you can learn how to interact with others, you must first recognize that you're not alone. Besides straight up seeing or hearing others or their guns, here's a general guide:
* Signs there's a player nearby
- Hearing a zombie distantly scream and/or attack something (zombies also attack animals but it isn't very common)
- Zombies where you haven't been in the hunched aggroed pose
- Dead zombies
- Smoke coming out of a chimney or the trees (heli crashes also produce smoke)
- Hearing a car or boat engine
- Seeing moving light at night - although zombies sometimes have working headlamps
- Hearing quiet but not distant gunfire (it's suppressed)
- Hearing disembodied player noises or hearing a body thump onto the ground
* Not 100% signs of active player activity
- No loot (doesn't mean they're close, it just hasn't respawned)
- No zombies - as long as you don't actively see dead zombies, it could just be the spawns being buggy, though it should raise some suspicion from you
- Stones on roads (they're probably from you, especially if you have a teammate)
- Opened doors (could be from the server restart or someone could've opened it hours ago)
- Mushrooms or apples spawning (they do spawn from a player being nearby, but it's probably you)
- Lights - road flares go for 20 minutes and glowsticks glow for hours - and you can't unactivate these or put them in your pocket, so lots of people leave them on the ground.
- Items dropped on ground/stashes (items last on the ground for a few hours, and containers like barrels and seachests last like a week irl)
These are signs someone has been here at some point but could've moved on ages ago.
* Friendly Intentions - The most common friendly actions are the F1 wave and the friendly wiggle (Q + E). I highly recommend using VOIP when approaching anyone of any intentions. It’s the easiest way to determine their own intent by how they react to you, and may even sway a player from killing you.
If the survivor you've met is someone is someone you'd wanna befriend, usually the course of action comes pretty naturally. Sharing information on what supplies you have that they may need, them sharing info on items they are looking for, exchanging names, splitting food etc. If you've both got working radios it could be smart to decide on a channel to radio to each other with if they need help. Remember the radio is constantly listening to any VOIP from your end when it's powered and turned on, and alike be on whisper when talking to the radio to not let other survivors nearby hear you.
* Hostile Interaction - When a freshie, your greatest potential is to stunlock hostiles with your maxed out freshie stamina. By chaining heavy attacks on another player successfully you can stunlock someone into unconsciousness or death. This is why your goal in your spawntown is to loot for everything it's got, which will hopefully be a gun somewhere and some ammo. When looting, make some room for items you can use against other players if threatened, like rope, duct tape, hand cuffs, barbed wire, and burlap sacks. Tying up survivors that you've knocked out and having a conversation with them can let you gain a friend, or let you know you should kill them. They may also shoot you as soon as you let them go even if they're nice, so maybe take their guns from them as a precaution and give it back when you've established trust.
* Low Calibers - Sporters and MK IIs are not lethal weapons against survivors unless you have a fully loaded mag, and even then I don't think the shock would make them pass out from your gunshots, instead giving them an extreme amount of bleeds you can then terrorize them with. All other guns chambered in something other than .22 has a higher chance of knocking them out. Keeping them from bandaging will be your next mission, trying to make them bleed out. Don't confidently peek once you hear the bandaging noise, as they may animation cancel and try to shoot you pushing them. Throwing items to psyche them out, running up on them and leaving, and otherwise trapping them are your options from there.
* Keep an Eye on Survivors - Listen closely for gun drawing sound effects through walls when you’re talking to someone. If they’re right in front of you, keep an eye on their hands. If they have a gun out, ask them to put it away. Players with guns in their hands don’t immediately mean they’re not friendly, but hip firing in this game is incredibly fast. Keep in mind that players know freshies have nothing to lose. Players that feel the need to kill you will do it no matter how much of a true threat you are to them.
As nearby players loot weapons and ammo, they may start to terrorize the town for everyone else’s loot. Some freshies may attempt to kill you on sight by shooting or meleeing you. If they attempt to stunlock you, you need to run, hide to get your stamina back, and stun lock them while they’re not expecting it. There is no counter to the stun lock so you need to learn how to use it as well.
* Spawntown Goal - Finding a gun with matching ammo will be your first true goal in a hotspot area. Pick up any ammo and mags you see as they’ll come in handy later. Even if you don’t end up using a gun with the ammo you have, you may encounter a potential teammate that takes a different ammo.
* Death comes to us all. After you understand how to keep yourself healthy and fed, your next curve will be combat. Be it hungry predators or hostile survivors, each time you get further in and ultimately meet your end, there will be many productive lives that will help you grasp the game more and more. It's a horrible masochistic cycle that you will learn to love! While surviving, you'll meet the fly infested corpses of survivors that met their fate. There are many different poses a survivor will fall into that can help you figure out what exactly killed them.
* After You Play
holiday events, map specific tips, map recommendations, namalsk & banov suit, dinosaur servers, etc 
Chernarus Lore
You play as one of the many survivors that have immunity towards the zombies. Remnants of the many military forces that swept through the area remain to this day. It's unknown exactly how long after the outbreak the game takes place in, but military force remains to keep an eye on the attempts to kill all of the infected, shown by the periodic artillery events and the random map-wide gas bombs that kill anything they touch including people, animals, and infected. Western forces are shown to have interfered due to the amount of Western guns, ammo, and military clothing.
Main Menu Theme - "Innocence Died Screaming" by Nick Fox unfortunately they changed the song a year ago, but this one's much better
VIII. Dynamic Events 
See my past lives 
Republic of Chernarus,
Favorite Creators